Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell due to its role in ATP production?

The mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are primarily responsible for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. This organelle carries out cellular respiration, a process that converts biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP. Mitochondria have their own DNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA and is involved in the replication and function of these organelles. The inner membrane of mitochondria contains proteins that perform various functions in the electron transport chain, a series of reactions that ultimately lead to the synthesis of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

In contrast, lysosomes are involved in the digestion and recycling of cellular waste; the endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in the synthesis and processing of proteins and lipids; while the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles. While all these organelles have vital functions, it is the mitochondria that uniquely contribute to ATP production, solidifying their designation as the powerhouse of the cell.