Which process takes place in chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis is the process that takes place in chloroplasts, which are the organelles found in plant cells and some algae. This process allows plants to convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures light energy and drives the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where water is split to release oxygen, and ATP and NADPH are generated. These products are then utilized in the Calvin cycle, which synthesizes glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

The other processes listed occur in different parts of the cell. For example, cellular respiration primarily takes place in the mitochondria, which convert the chemical energy in glucose into ATP. Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes, where genes are translated into proteins. DNA replication involves the synthesis of a new DNA strand and occurs in the nucleus during the S phase of the cell cycle. Therefore, photosynthesis is uniquely associated with chloroplasts, marking it as the correct choice.